What components are included in a dual chamber pacemaker system?

A dual chamber pacemaker system is designed to manage and coordinate the electrical activity of both the atria and ventricles of the heart. The correct answer highlights that the system includes an atrial lead and a ventricular lead.

The atrial lead is responsible for sensing and pacing the electrical activity in the atrium, ensuring the atria contract in sync with the ventricles. In conjunction, the ventricular lead controls the pacing and sensing of the ventricles. This arrangement allows for better coordination between the upper and lower chambers of the heart, improving overall cardiac output and efficiency.

In contrast, having two ventricular leads or two atrial leads would not provide the dual control necessary for a paced rhythm that integrates both chambers effectively. Likewise, a pacing lead and a sensing lead does not adequately describe the specific configuration of having separate leads for the atria and ventricles, which is essential for dual chamber function. Therefore, the combination of one atrial lead and one ventricular lead is fundamental to the operation of a dual chamber pacemaker, facilitating optimal heart synchronization and function.