What would result in a low impedance situation?

A low impedance situation is often indicative of an electrical pathway that is offering less resistance to the flow of current. When there is a lead insulation breach, the insulation barrier that typically prevents electrical current from escaping is compromised. This allows for abnormal connections, often to surrounding tissues or fluids, resulting in a lower impedance reading. This can cause issues with the pacing system, leading to inadequate sensing or pacing, and may pose risks like current leakage that can impair the device’s function.

On the other hand, a fully intact pacing lead, high battery voltage, and a properly placed lead would typically reflect normal or high impedance scenarios. These situations indicate that the electrical connections are secure and functioning as intended, thereby supporting effective pacing and sensing without the complications associated with low impedance.